While at first blush the protection of cultural diversity...

While at first blush the protection of cultural diversity seems like a worthy cause to support for many of us, there are much deeper implications than the prima facie faà §ade multiculturalism suggests. Instead, there is a â€Å"deep and growing tension† (Okin,1999; p10) between the ideals of feminism and those concerned with the protection of cultural rights. This tension is exacerbated when the protection of those rights safeguards the continuation of practices such as female genital cutting (FGC) in the name of ‘culture’ and ‘tradition.’ Every culture is dynamic, complex, and rich in its own ways. However when cultures come together and interact there are inevitably tensions and one such tension is centred on gender and gender norms. In this†¦show more content†¦For this reason I will again turn to Okin (1999) to describe a claim made in the name of cultural rights and â€Å"in the context of basically liberal democracies† (p10) th at â€Å"minority cultures or ways of life are not sufficiently protected by the practice of ensuring the individual rights of their members, and as a consequence these should also be protected through special group rights or privileges† (p11). This claim is at the forefront of many contemporary discussions around cultural group rights and even more specifically the claim that groups, â€Å"even the illiberal ones that violate their individual members’ rights, requiring them to conform to group beliefs or norms- have the right to be â€Å"left alone† in a liberal society† (Okin, 1999; p11). The latter is the claim I will be arguing against using the case study of FGC as an example of why torture is not culture and therefore should not be â€Å"left alone.† In the spirit of clarifying terminology I would also like to defend my use of the term ‘female genital cutting’ (FGC). While the World Health Organization (2013) uses the commensurable term ‘female genital mutilation’ (FGM), I feel that the use of the word ‘mutilation’ carries a strong negative connotation and is needlessly inflammatory, instantly slanting perceptions towards a negative viewpoint. While the term ‘cutting’ isn’t free from these undesirable undertones, it is more of a technical term to describe the actual procedures that take place. While it could be

The Progressive Era Of The Gilded Age - 1455 Words

Throughout the progressive era there were many reform movements due to the abundance of political, social, and economical corruption in America in the gilded age as seen by political machines like William Marcy tweed and American financiers like J.P. Morgan. Some of the many issues that made themselves present in the gilded age include the large wealth gap, child labor, women’s lack of rights, influx of immigrants, Urbanization, Indian wars, monopolists, political machines, and alcoholism. All of these issues were brought to attention by Muckrakers like Jacob Riis, the photographer of How the Other Half Lives, and Upton Sinclair, the author of The Jungle. Once these issues were raised, Much to the monopolists dismay, America knew they had†¦show more content†¦These conflicts were started because of the white man’s need to expand his land in order to have more power, land the Native Americans lived on, and when they refused to move a war was started following th e trail of tears and reservation systems. This image demonstrates the large changes implemented by progressive reformers like Richard Henry Pratt as seen by the drastic difference in the appearance of the little boy. Muckrakers like Ida Tarbell and Jacob Riis push for a change through progressive reforms as seen by their published works that brought awareness to the many issues that plagued the Gilded age. Tarbell wrote History of the standard oil company which called attention to the monopolist, John D. Rockefeller and his oil company, and the corruption within this establishment. By writing things like â€Å"There is no independent refiner or jobber who tries to ship oil freight that does not meet incessant discouragement and discrimination.†(Document 3) sheds some light on Rockefellers character and business tactics. By exposing J.D. Rockefeller to the public the common man can now see what was invisible before therefore sparking the flame of change, creating the desire fo r change in these aspects of life. This is the first step to actually making change happen throughout the progressive era. During the progressive era there was a dramatic change in Democracy in order toShow MoreRelatedThe Gilded Age And The Progressive Era3319 Words   |  14 PagesThe Gilded Age and the Progressive Era were times of great change for women in the United States, and women entered into a new standard of living. As times progressed and new advances were made in both society and technology, people had to learn how to adapt to those changes while still being an asset and following societal rules. The purpose of this paper is to acknowledge the reformations and changes brought to people and society by women during the Gilded Age and the Progressive Era. RegardlessRead MoreThe Progressive Era Of The Gilded Age1465 Words   |  6 Pagescomes consequences. Industrialization of the United States had indirectly tarnished the Gilded Age, and now that this era was coming to an end, reformers were left to clean up the mess. Hence, the Progressive era was born. The Progressive movement was based in the urban middle class and focused on the improvement of society, the economy, and politics. Yet, the movement was not unified. Each reform group of the era had a separate goal that they would focus on. Each president also had a separate visionRead MoreThe Gilded Age : The Challenges Of The Progressive Era1344 Words   |  6 PagesThe Gilded Age was associated with many difficulties - unprecedented fortunes and poverty, urban squalor, unhygienic food production, and other issues – that many Americans were left to deal with. In the early 1900s, â€Å"widespread dissatisfaction with new trends in American society spurred the Progressive Era, named for the various ‘progressive’ movements that attracted various constituencies around various reforms† (Andrew et al. 1). This new era was the age in which people tried to solve problemsRead M oreAnalysis Of The Gilded Age And Progressive Era1108 Words   |  5 PagesAnalysis of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era Throughout the history of time, people named certain time periods based on the events that occurred. People considered the time from the 1890s to 1916 as a shift of the Gilded Age and the Progressive Era when many things changed dramatically. The â€Å"Gilded Age† was the time of innovation, invention, and rapid growth, but the presence of monopolies sprouted everywhere in American’s economy and led to social inequalities. Then the Progressive Era responded toRead MoreThe Gilded Age : An Era Of Extreme Corruption1169 Words   |  5 PagesAmerica enters the Gilded Age from 1877 till about the 1890’s. Then the next era would be the Progressive Era beginning from where the Gilded Age left off till around 1920. Though these eras are accepted in the historical community, some historians argue that it is useless to label these two as separate eras in American history. One historian is Rebecca Edwards in her article Politics, Social Movement, and the Periodization of U .S. History. She argues that the Gilded Age and the Progressive should be knownRead MoreThe Gilded Age : A Powerhouse Rose From The Ashes Of The Civil War871 Words   |  4 PagesProgressives in the Gilded Age The Gilded Age: A powerhouse rose from the ashes of the Civil War. From the Civil War until about 1896, the Gilded Age was born. The United States was going through an era of governmental, fiscal and societal restructuring. Gilded Age got its name because Mark Twain seen as a period where everything seemed to be well on the surface but beneath was a scheme of political dishonesty and self-indulgence. Around this time, the affluent upper class was created due to theRead MoreWomen During The Civil War997 Words   |  4 Pagestraditional viewpoints of society of the time. The status of women was shifting rapidly in the Progressive Era. However, middle-class white married women still did not work outside the home. They were expected to stay home and tend to their families. Minority women, on the other hand, had to balance home life and their jobs outside of the home. An extensive advance for a change called the First Reform Era, arose in the years before the Civil War. The new movement included the efforts of social activistsRead MoreThe Gilded Age Of The Nineteenth Century And The Succeeding Period887 Words   |  4 PagesTwo prominent eras of American History were the Gilded Age at the end of the nineteenth century and the succeeding period, the Progressive Era. The Gilded Age, also know as the Second Industrial Revolution, was a peak of high economic development with the rise of technological advancements in a free market environment, meaning that the economy was driven by self-interest instead of government authority. Besides its economic growth, the Gilded Age handle changes in social divisions. After the abolishmentRead MoreThe United States Treatment Of African Americans1291 Words   |  6 Pagesthis was much better than slavery, citizenship came with many troubles of its own. The years following the Civil War, known as the Gilded Age and the Progressive Era, would prove to be, aside from slavery, some of the hardest times for African Americans in all of U.S. history. The years immediately following the Civil War were known as the Gilded Age. During the Gilded Age, African Americans were had just been freed from slavery, given the right to vote, and had many more protections under the federalRead MoreThe Progressive Movement Of The American Progressive Era1259 Words   |  6 PagesWhen it comes to the American Progressive Era there is really no other movement like it. This was a movement that had not just one but many faces that ranged from people as big as Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson to people like Jane Addams that accomplished so much. It was a movement so broad that it encompassed basically everyone and spoke not just to but for all those excluded from power. It also wasn’t just one big movement but a conglomeration of them varying from social, to economic, to

Managerial Accounting vs Financial Accounting Essay

Managerial and Financial Accounting ACCT/300: Principles of Accounting April 9, 2008 Managerial and Financial Accounting This paper will attempt to differentiate between managerial and financial accounting, the users of managerial and financial accounting and what type of business decisions would be made with the information. Managerial Accounting Managerial accounting provides accounting information to managers who are inside an organization and who directs and controls its operations, to help them make decisions to manage the business. For example, it provides information on the costs of an organization’s products and services, which managers can use products cost to guide the setting of selling prices, and use services cost†¦show more content†¦Financial and managerial accounting are both very important aspects of the business world. Most companies have some form of each type of accounting incorporated into their business operations. By following the appropriate standards for each, a company will be able to successfully keep track of their financial standing for internal as well as external purposes. Financial accounting involves the preparation of a businesss financial statements, mainly for External users outside the business. These reports are primarily used by owners, potential owners of a business, and by people who have loaned money to a company. They analyze this information in conjunction with general economic information, such as information about the industry in which the company operates. External users focus on broad information that reveals the overall performance of the company as a whole. In addition, financial accounting only reports information on financial transactions that have occurred in the past. Stockholders, suppliers, and banks also benefit from the financial reports that are generated. (Horngreen, Stratton, Sundem, p. 5) Managerial Accounting Managerial accounting provides information for internal users of accounting data. Internal users include employees, managers, and executives of the company. Internal accountants prepare budgets to express managements goals in financial terms by identifying, measuring,Show MoreRelatedThe Differences Between Financial And Managerial Accounting1320 Words   |  6 Pagesorganization may be a part of, accounting plays a vital role in everyday decision making. Without the field of accounting, companies and organizations would not be nearly as efficient, productive and successful as they are today. Accounting serves many purposes for an organization, whether it is financial or managerial. But, not all forms of accounting are the same. With that being said, to better understand the differences between financial and managerial accounting, it is important to first knowRead MoreDifference between Financial and Managerial Accounting 637 Words   |  3 PagesThe primary d ifference between financial and managerial accounting is that financial accounting is used for external members of the company; they do not control or run the businesses’ operations. An example of external members would be customers and shareholders of the business. On the other hand, managerial accounting is used for internal members in the company such as managers and officers. The internal members use managerial accounting to increase efficiency and effectiveness within their companyRead MoreSample Resume : Managerial Accounting1411 Words   |  6 Pages MASTERS IN PROFESSIONAL ACCOUNTANCY STUDENT NAME : Shilpa Thakran STUDENT ID : 17909848 UNIT NUMBER : 530 REPORT : MANAGERIAL ACCOUNTING TUTOR NAME : CHEOW WING WONG DUE DATE : September 12, 2014 TABLE OF CONTENT INTRODUCTION†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.3 1.0 PRODUCT COSTING†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦4 1.1 JUST IN TIMERead MoreThe Changing Role of Managerial Accounting in a Dynamic Business Environment1723 Words   |  7 PagesCHAPTER 1 THE CHANGING ROLE OF MANAGERIAL ACCOUNTING IN A DYNAMIC BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT Learning Objectives 1. Define managerial accounting and describe its role in the management process. 2. Explain four fundamental management processes that help organizations attain their goals. 3. List and describe five objectives of managerial accounting activity. 4. Explain the major differences between managerial and financial accounting. 5. Explain where managerial accountants are located inRead MoreManagerial Accounting, Applied to Successful Project Accounting Practices1215 Words   |  5 Pages Managerial Accounting, Applied to Successful Project Management Accounting Practices 1.1 Introduction to Managerial Accounting in Project Work Environments This paper provides research and pertinent Managerial Accounting strategies that support the overall financial goals of project management professionals within the context of project management work environments. Many industries rely on project management as an important part of a successful business strategy. Project managers are underRead MoreActivity Based Costing and Absorption Costing969 Words   |  4 Pagessystems. By allocating the costs to the activity, accounting can more closely mirror the production ideologies that are in play in such systems. Differences in ABC vs. Absorption In the absorption method of costing the fixed overhead costs are divided equally with the number of units. However in activity based costing the overheads are allocated in the actual proportion of costs incurred by the product unit or cost drivers. Activity based accounting can more precisely allocate various costs moreRead MoreBus 630 Week 1 Discussion1014 Words   |  5 PagesBUS630 WEEK 1 Ashford University MANAGERIAL ACCOUNTING: This week students will: 1. Explain the primary ethical responsibilities of the management accountant. 2. Illustrate the key principles of managerial accounting including cost concepts. 3. Distinguish between the behavior of variable and fixed cost. 4. Explain the significance of cost behavior to decision making and control. 5. Determine the necessary sales in unit and dollars to break-even or attain desired profitRead MoreAccountants Are Considered Key Management Personnel791 Words   |  4 Pagesanalyze financial documents, balance the budget, audit agencies and work for agencies such as IRS and advice in initiation or continuation of different government programs to help people or businesses in need. Accountants are considered key management personnel (KMP). They often hold key managerial position such as CEO or CFO. Without a good managerial direction of the CEO or CFO, business might not reach its full capacity and might not go into the right direction. In light of many accounting scandalsRead MoreObjectives of an Accounting and Finance Manager1143 Words   |  5 PagesObjectives of an accounting and finance manager In a more and more competitive and dynamic market place and industry, economic agents have to continually devise and implement strategic courses of action that ensure their long term success and stability. In this equation, the role of the organizational managers suffers some notable changes, in the meaning that they are no longer simply expected to carry out executive decisions and continually seek profitability, but as they become more responsibleRead MoreManagement Practices Traditional vs Modern Innovative997 Words   |  4 PagesManagement Practices Traditional vs Modern Innovative In last many years, few management accounting innovations has been developed. Managers have to make decision on a daily basis as well make decisions regarding the future and how to survive and grow in an energetic market place with ever growing uncertain circumstances. Traditional or modern management accounting system give relevant information to all levels of management, financial and other information to make decisions about planning, control

Ethical Leadership free essay sample

This paper is an exploratory study on Ethical Leadership in the present Business environment which starts with the introduction to leadership and ethical leadership concept and explains about the components of ethical leadership which consists of purpose, knowledge, authority and trust. Also outlined about the modes of ethical leadership which comprises of inspiration, facilitation, persuasion, manipulation and coercion and followed by the best of the best Ethical Leaders identified in 2007. It also mentions about the worlds popular Ethical Companies of 2009. Finally, there are few guidelines mentioned for practicing the Ethical Leadership in todays world. INTRODUCTION Leadership has been described as the process of social influence in which one person can enlist the aid and support of others in the accomplishment of a common task. Leadership remains one of the most relevant aspects of the organizational context. A leader is a person who influences a group of people towards a specific result. It is not dependent on title or formal authority. Leaders are recognized by their capacity or caring for others, clear communication, and a commitment to persist. Good leaders are made not born. If you have the desire and willpower, you can become an effective leader. Good leaders develop through a never ending process of self-study, education, training, and experience. Generally, Ethics means Standards of conduct that indicate how one should behave based on principles about right and wrong. And Ethical leadership means keeping the lines of communication between you and those that you are leading open and strong. Those that you are leading should feel that they can come to you to discuss ny problems that they may be having concerning the Job at hand, at the very least. They need to know that you will hear them out, and that you will always make the fairest possible decision. An ethical leader would never promise something to someone and not follow through with it. Furthermore, ethical leadership means that the leader never gossips about other members of the group, or shares any private information about them with others. Real leaders concentrate on doing the right thing, not on doing things right. Ethical leadership begins with the way leaders perceive and conceptualize the world round them. Ethical leadership, organizational ethics, and social responsibility are inseparable concepts. The leaders role is to guide the human potential of the organizations stakeholders to achieve organizational aspirations in ways that liberate rather constrain their imaginations and Judgment. Ethical leadership must, then, be effective, efficient, and excellent if it is not to waste human potential. It is not enough to be ethical in ones individual actions to be an ethical leader. To be effective, efficient, and excellent, four components of ethical eadership must be understood and developed: purpose, knowledge, authority, and trust. Purpose-The ethical leader reasons and acts with organizational purposes Knowledge-The ethical firmly in mind. This provides focus and consistency. leader has the knowledge to Judge and act prudently. This knowledge is found throughout the organization and its environment, but must be shared by those who hold it. Authority-The ethical leader has the power to make decisions and act, but also recognizes that all those involved and affected must have the authority to Trust-The ethical leader ontribute what they have toward shared purposes. nspires-and is the beneficiary of-trust throughout the organization and its environment. Without trust and knowledge, people are afraid to exercise their authority. The relationship between these four components can be visualized as interrelated components, as described in the figure opposite. Attention to any one component alone is incomplete and misleading. Ethical Modes: It is often thought that ethical leadership must be soft leadership. Being an ethical leader means applying the right amount of authority in each situation. Sometimes the situation requires leadership that is anything but gentle. Gratuitously tough leadership, however, cannot be maintained for long without developing resentment and cynicism. It is helpful to think of the ethical leader as exercising authority within five modes or levels of intervention into the Judgments and actions of followers: 1. Inspiration-setting the example so that other committed members will contribute their fullest capabilities to achieve organizational purposes. 2. Facilitation- Supporting other committed members, and guiding them where necessary, so that hey are able to contribute their capabilities as fully as possible. 3. Persuasion- Appealing to reason to convince other members to contribute toward achieving organizational purposes. 4. Manipulation-offering incentives other than the intrinsic value of contributing to the achievement of organizational purposes, where commitment is lacking. 5. Coercion-Forcing other members to contribute some degree of their capability where they have little or no commitment to do so on their own. The modes of ethical leadership intervention depend in large part on the organizational culture. If the culture allows the organization to learn and grow within its environment, leadership may be largely inspirational. If the culture does not support organizational learning and growth within that environment, then manipulative, even coercive, leadership would be necessary. Moreover, the style of ethical leadership will vary with the degree to which it reflects the Organizational stewardship that preserves the aspirations and culture of the organization. It scans the community and develops and communicates organizational aspirations: the organizations core purpose, core values, and vision of a desired future and ersuades, manipulates, and coerces its stakeholders to comply until the culture has adapted.